What is AKU?

Alkaptonuria, also known as AKU or Black Bone Disease, is an extremely rare genetic condition, which can cause significant damage to the bones, cartilage and tissues of those affected. AKU normally only affects one in every 250,000 people worldwide.

AKU stops patients’ bodies from breaking down a chemical called homogentisic acid (HGA) which the body naturally produces during the digestion of food. Due to this, HGA builds up in the body and, over time, leads to black and brittle bones and cartilage, and early onset osteoarthritis. The build-up of HGA in the body can also lead to other, sometimes more serious health complications.

AKU is a recessive condition that is caused by a mutation of each of a pair of chromosomes, this means that if two people carry the faulty gene, their child still only has a 25% chance of developing AKU.

AKU SYMPTOMS

Black Urine

The first symptom most AKU patients will experience is black or dark urine...

Osteoarthritis

Every AKU patient will experience joint pain at some point in their lives....

Black Spots in Eyes

AKU patients start to develop black spots in the whites of their eyes as they get older…

Discolouration of Ears

The ears of most AKU patients will eventually begin to develop a blue-black colour…

Heart Complications

The build up of HGA caused by AKU can cause the vessels and valves of the heart...

Other Symptoms

Alkaptonuria (AKU) can also affect several other areas of the body...

An introduction to alkaptonuria and nitisinone